Chemical name: 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide Final regulatory action has been taken for the category: Pesticide Final regulatory action: The chemical is Banned Use or uses prohibited by the final regulatory action: All formulation containing Endosulfan and all uses of this preparation will be prohibited from 23 September 2010. Pesticide use or uses that remain allowed: None The final regulatory action was based on a risk or hazard evaluation: No Summary of the final regulatory action: The Pesticide Supervisory Board prohibited all formulations containing Endosulfan from 23 September 2010. The Pesticide Supervisory Board is responsible for making decisions on Pesticides in Iran. According to the Resolution of 28 January 2008, production and import of this pesticide is banned. According to the Resolution of 8 July 2008 under "The Pesticide Control Act 1968" use of this pesticide is banned from 23 September 2010. The reasons for the final regulatory action were relevant to: Human health and environment Summary of known hazards and risks to human health: Endosulfan generally has been shown to have high acute oral and inhalation toxicity as well as slightly toxic dermal toxicity. Endosulfan primarily affects the nervous system. Toxic effects observed in animals from acute, subchronic, developmental neurotoxicity, and chronic/carcinogenic toxicity studies found that endosulfan causes neurotoxic effects, which are believed to result from over-stimulation of the central nervous system. Reference from United States Environmental Protection Agency, November 2002 (Re-registration Eligibility Decision for Endosulfan). Users are exposed to risks, users mostly are not skilled and they do not have the necessary precaution while using the pesticide. In rural areas, the pesticide is stored close the human habitat. Sometimes this pesticide uses for other purpose. Sometimes users do not pay attention to the recommendations. Expected effect of the final regulatory action in relation to human health: Reduction of risks for human and environment. Summary of known hazards and risks to the environment: Animals The principal rout of elimination is faeces; most of the radioactivity is excreted within the first 48 hours. The amounts excreted are independent of dose level, number of dosages and isomerism. There are indications of species specificity. Residues of endosulfan accumulate in the kidneys rather than in fat. Elimination from the kidneys takes place with DT50 7d, but there is no sign of accumulation in the kidneys even after long term feeding. Endosulfan is metabolized rapidly in mammalian organisms to less toxic metabolites and to polar conjugates. Plants The plant metabolites were also found in animals and have thus been investigated from a toxicological point of view. 50% of residues are lost in 3-7 days (depending on plant species). Soil/Environment Endosulfan (alpha- and beta-) is degraded in soil with DT50 30-70 d. The main metabolite usually found was endosulfan sulfate, which is degraded more slowly and is, for this reason, the most important metabolite. DT50 for total endosulfan in the field is 5-8 mo. No leaching tendency was observed Koc 3000-20000; Kd <30% Expected effect of the final regulatory action in relation to the environment: Reduction of risk. Date of entry into force of the final regulatory action: 23/09/2010 |